RF Basics

Ohm’s law in AC circuits, impedance, reactance, power transfer, decibels, and fundamental RF concepts.

RF Intermediate

Smith Charts, matching networks, transmission lines, S-parameters, and Q-factor analysis.

RF Advanced

Nonlinearity, IIP3, compression, noise figure cascading, transceiver architectures, and system-level analysis.

Noise Figure & Transceivers

Cascaded noise figure, receiver sensitivity, transceiver block diagrams, synthesizer phase noise, and modulation effects.

Nonlinearity & Measurements

IIP3, IM3 products, spectrum analyzer verification, compression points, PIM, and measurement best practices.

LNA, PA & Circuit Design

LNA topologies, degeneration inductors, PA classes, power added efficiency, and impedance matching techniques.

Antenna Basics

Friis equation, gain vs. directivity vs. efficiency, TRP, EIRP, radiation patterns, and propagation fundamentals.

EM & Wave Propagation

Maxwell’s equations, waveguide modes, free-space vs. bounded propagation, skin effect, and dielectric effects.

Power Delivery & PCB Design

Decoupling strategies, ground plane integrity, PDN star topology, via parasitics, buck inductor trade-offs, and skin effect in traces.

Op-Amps & Analog Circuits

Ideal op-amp characteristics, inverting/non-inverting amplifiers, comparators, Schmitt triggers, and finite gain effects.

LDOs & Power Management

LDO block diagrams, feedback loops, PSRR, load transients, bandgap references, and LDO vs. SMPS trade-offs.

Data Converters & Sampling

SAR vs. Delta-Sigma vs. Flash ADCs, Nyquist criterion, INL/DNL, sample-and-hold circuits, and acquisition time.

Feedback & Stability

Phase margin, Bode plots, Miller compensation, slew rate calculations, and debugging oscillations.

Noise & Signal Integrity

CMOS noise sources, flicker vs. thermal noise, SNR calculations, mixed-signal layout partitioning, and ADC performance debugging.

Lab & Measurement Skills

Oscilloscope probing, spectrum analyzer techniques, noise measurement setups, production yield debugging, and test automation.

RF EPM & Program Management

System architecture trade-offs, cross-functional problem solving, risk management, process improvement, and technical leadership.

dBm / Watts Converter

Convert between dBm, Watts, mW, dBW, and microwatts.

VSWR / Return Loss Converter

VSWR, return loss, S11, reflection coefficient, and mismatch loss.

All RF Calculators →

Friis path loss, skin depth, cascaded noise figure, wavelength, and impedance converter.

🎓

New Graduates
MS/PhD students preparing for their first RF or hardware role.

🛠️

Working Engineers
RF, antenna, and mixed-signal engineers switching roles or leveling up.

👔

Hiring Managers
Use these questions as a structured interview question bank for your team.

🧪

Interns
Build foundational knowledge with beginner-friendly questions and clear answers.